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Cambridge school-committee member says she and her family were racially profiled at Danvers orchard - over six apples
By adamg on Thu, 09/09/2021 - 10:58pm
Cambridge School Committee member Rev. Manikka Bowman and her husband Jeff Myers, describe what happened this weekend after they spent $100 to pick apples with their kids at Connors Farm and were headed to the farm store to pay for the six extra apples they discovered their kids had picked that were six too many for the bag they had: They were confronted by security and a manager who accused them of trying to steal the apples.
And then, when they asked for the owner's contact info, the manager called police.
The police officer was tempered. However, despite our visible frustration and attempts to explain the situation, he never took our position seriously. Rather, his actions and words assumed that the manager's narrative was accurate and then accused us of "playing the race card." And he did so even as the manager made questionable assertions, including that if we did not pay for the apples, Connors Farm could not resell them because we had already picked them. Really? Connors Farm literally sells buckets of apples destined to be shot out of cannons and explode on contact with a target. Is this how Danvers treats its visitors? ...
By jumping straight to an assumption of theft, Connors Farm created a scene, harassing us and causing our 7-year-old to burst into tears, anguish that lasted well into the evening. All for a handful of apples picked with enthusiasm by the family who’d paid to be there, donated to the local charity, and had planned to finish off an otherwise excellent Labor Day outing with buying traditional apple cider donuts and other products.
They are now seeking a written apology, a donation equal to what they spent to the Essex County Community Foundation for its racial equity work and a commitment from the farm and Danvers Police to have their staff "undergo diversity, equity, and inclusion training."
On Facebook, the farm apologized today:
We regret the incident that happened this past weekend. We have extended our personal apology to the family. We do our best to train our employees to handle all customer issues with courtesy and respect at all times. We are taking further steps to ensure that staff will undergo diversity, equity and inclusion training. Please know that everybody is welcome on our farm.
Danvers town officials issued an apology and said the family's request is "entirely appropriate:"
This request is also consistent with the guidance provided by the Danvers Select Board in April 2021, when it accepted the final report of the Welcoming Community Working Group, which was formed last fall after the thin blue line American flag controversy in Danvers. A link to the report and its many recommendations can be found here:
Town leaders have reached out to the family and have scheduled a meeting with them to discuss the incident. The Town has also been in contact with the business involved, expressed its disappointment, and encouraged the business to issue an apology, honor the requests of the family, and provide diversity, equity, and inclusion training for their employees.
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Comments
Hooray!
What a crazy experience!
Apple security should never be that bad.
A purse search?!
The cops’ behavior is reprehensible too.
Shaking my head this happens.
At least this incident raises awareness a bit more.
Good for the family speaking out!
Hopefully it’s a decent training they do and oversight on that.
White Power Trip
The indignity…all for 6 apples. Imagine the pathological need for power that motivates an apple farm security guard and colleagues to humilate a family over 6 apples? The cost of labor for 3 people to solve this problem that did not exist in the first place has to far exceed the $4 bucks they would recovered, let alone all this bad press and future loss of this family’s business. The family obviously paid for the other apples; even if they were “stealing” 6 more apples, just let it go ffs; it’s not worth the drama.
Agree and disagree
I agree that this situation got completely out of hand over nothing.
However, the labor for 3 people isn't just to police the $4 from this family...but the $4 from every family that goes to the farm and thinks "I'll just keep piling them like a giant apple jenga now that I've paid for this 'bag' of apples".
One of the easiest ways to grift more apples is to toss the whole thing into a bigger bag/catch (like the bottom of a stroller) and just assume nobody is going to question whether the spilled apples would fit in the original bag of purchase or not. Then there's pockets, and putting one in everyone's hands (uneaten), etc. And every single person is thinking "it's just a few apples"...not one of them is doing it to be sinister...but at the end of the day that's dozens if not hundreds lost/wasted. Suddenly, the justification of a salary for monitoring apple loss becomes worthwhile.
The problem here wasn't the monitoring (I'm betting they stopped plenty of others that day). It was the escalation and the lack of a valid punishment/compensation once monitoring has determined a problem occurred. If the farm declares up front that we'll monitor you AND what they'll do if they catch you (not allowed back, pay for a second bag but not allowed to fill it, etc.) then just do what they declared. This seemed to be much more ad hoc.
If stealing 4 apples is below
If stealing 4 apples is below the stealing threshold how many apples would be considered stealing then? 6? 8?12? Stealing at this orchard must be an issue if they have hired a security guard.
“Must”?
Or the owner has a personality disorder where he imagines people are out to get one over on him and perceives that people are stealing apples. I have a hard time buying that people paying to walk on a property and do the manual labor ownership would otherwise have to hire for is somehow financially damaging a place by absconding with more apples then they paid for. Plus it’s so much easier and convenient to steal apples from Stop & Shop, with or without self check out.
Frame the question of threshold another way: the family just spent $100 and was about to drop more cash, irrespective of the 6 extra apples. What is the threshold of “I appreciate this family jumping in the car, driving from
Cambridge, and dropping +$100, therefore I want to create a good memory to earn repeat business and positive word of mouth…What is the threshold number of apples needed to have been recovered where it becomes worth bad press, humiliating guests, and loss of business?”
According to the owner
Yes, it's an issue, a thousand dollar a day issue.
https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/09/09/metro/cambridge-couple-questions-...
No word on the racial demographic of those 50 customers.
Imagine how many apples = $1,000 a day
I doubt if even Johnny Appleseed or Mark Twain would tell a tale of $1,000 a day of apple thefts. This is tall tale on the order of Paul Bunyan and Babe.
This sounds like the kind of exaggeration that a certain orange headed former something would tell, over and over, like the Boy Crying Wolf.
Hard to imagine that people drive to his farm with the intention of stealing mountains of apples. What makes his farm so special that no other apple farm needs this level of security? Or suffers the loss of a $1,000 a day in apple thefts.
There seems way more to this Farmer in the Dell than meets the eye or ear.
666 apples @$1.50 = $1000
\m/
Fun math
666 / 6 apples each = 111 people doing the same thing the complainants were doing to cost Bob Connors $1,000.00
I wonder how many people visit the orchard every day.
A riddle
Farmer A reports losses of $1,000 per day during u-pick season.
Farmer B reports losses of $2,000 per day during u-pick season.
Q: What is Farmer A doing that Farmer B is not?
A: His own taxes
...accused us of "playing the
I don't think they would have been accused of playing the race card, unless they did actually try playing the race card.
If you're caught doing something wrong (even something minor) and react with accusations of racists racisming, then yes, the other side will likely dig in their heels, the entire situation will grow worse, and your 7 year old will not be happy.
Do you have a reasonable
Do you have a reasonable explanation for why six apples, after a family spent over a hundred dollars and was still on premises , would cause so much disruption?
I've been apple picking for forty years and I don't think I've ever witnessed such a thing. The orchard doesn't even seem to contradict the narrative of this being six visible apples.
I don't think asking if skin color was a factor is all that unreasonable in the circumstances. If it were to turn out this was common procedure then that's not much of an excuse, that sounds like one scary af authoritarian orchard.
you’re the REAL racist for pointing out my racism
get a new shtick man, jeez.
Would Love To See The Resume Of The Security Guard
Apple Security - Excellent on the CV.
He even worked on Macs.
I think the label that fits
I think the label that fits here is "Karen" not "racist". Karen is the pejorative for when a customer causes headaches for employees trying to do their job.
So you’re a misogynist …
…as well as a racist.
i was talking about what you said
Oh Honey
You are expecting professionalism from employees of a town that blocked federal investigators that were part of the official federal chemical accident investigation team from entering the site of a massive chemical explosion because "they never heard of them"?
Right.
Wake up dear. This shit has been going on for a long time and is extremely well documented. Stop blaming the victims.
So it looked like they had
So it looked like they had six extra apples and somehow it resulted in purses being searched, accusations being made and police being called? The orchard doesn't seem to have ever claimed there was even anything false about the narrative. What sort of authoritative BS is this?
I'm happy they spoke up because looking at their other reviews, this doesn't seem like a one time thing.
My family always goes apple picking in the fall and went to the same place for 30 years until they closed. It was a small quaint family spot. It seemed diverse in it's clientele and kids and grandma tended to be in charge of the table. The kids like to snack on apples while walking around. There would be times we went to leave and the owner didn't think we packed our bags enough. I don't like these big carnival atmosphere apple orchards. I don't even think the place we frequented would have an apparatus to check for theft, let a lone a place to detain people.
Six extra apples ...
That they were on their way to pay for when they were stopped.
Facts not in evidence
Sure, I'd say what they did too if I'd overpicked and thought it wasn't a big deal and if I got stopped I'd just pay for them.
That was one part of their side of the story that just didn't ring true to me. Sure, maybe they overpicked and it was completely innocent (although when I go and we're starting to get near the top of the bag, we always say 'let's just get one or two more and see if they fit before we get any more'). But to say "well, we'll just go turn ourselves in and give them a few more bucks"...come on. You just finish what you're doing and leave and IF you get stopped you say "sure, I'll pay for them". The farm had a mechanism for paying for apples that don't fit in one bag...a second bag. I've never seen a farm that has signs that say "we'll take a dollar for every apple outside your purchased bag, it's cool". Most just say "break the rules, get thrown out and never come back". So, where'd they get this idea they'd just walk up to someone and hand over money for the extra apples?
The farm was wrong in how it handled the situation. I don't hold out a lot of hope that it wasn't because of race. However, the idea that they were *just* about to pay someone for all the extra apples they broke the rules picking just rang very hollow to me.
do you have kids?
i hope you won’t take this as condescension, but i would absolutely go and pay for the 6 apples considering that my daughter would be watching.
Kaz’s comment doesn’t ring true
My mother drove me back to Angelos super market to pay a quarter for the $0.25 gumball I stole from a broken machine. She took me to the customer service desk to pay my quarter and apologize. And my mom hated driving anywhere, let alone back to the place she just came from.
I’m sure I am not the only one who had a parent like that. If parents are willing to drive back to the grocery store on principal for a $0.25 gum ball, then it absolutely rings true that people go back and pay for stuff accidentally missed on check out. I don’t doubt that there are those who might say “forget it, I already spent $100 bucks, I’m not going back for 6 apples”, but to think that no one would? Especially parents trying to set examples for young kids? Plus they said they still needed to get their donuts and would have went back anyway.
Do you have kids, pt. 2
If you're apple picking with kids, there's an excellent chance that some apples will end up in the cart instead of the bag while you're busy trying to keep track of the kids. The only honest alternative to trying to pay for the extra apples would be to put the apples on the ground under the tree, where they'd go to waste - how would that help anyone?
I might have sympathy for the owner/management if they were stopping people once they'd reached the parking lot, but as long as they haven't actually shown that they don't plan to pay for the apples it's outrageous to accuse them of theft.
This is part I disagreed with in another comment
"...as long as they haven't actually shown that they don't plan to pay for the apples..."
The farm has a mechanism for paying for the apples. It's the bag they gave you and said "don't go over the top of the bag".
Unless they have a rule that says "if you pick more apples than you can put in the bag we gave you, then come to the store and you can pay $1/apple or per weight" or something, I don't understand why everyone feels like it's justified that you can pick whatever you please and just settle up at the end.
Again...got kids?
And adults get that. So what would you do if you took a bag and then your kids picked more than that? Pitch the extra apples into the hedgerow and hope no one noticed?
I don't understand why you think that's what everyone feels when they have been saying different things.
Showing your whole ass
Check out the reviews of various orchards.
The ones that over-police patrons get dragged hard and people avoid them like the plague.
Is DETAINING A FAMILY over a few apples worth people not coming to your place because they feel like they will be treated like criminals and under constant surveillance? Is that really cost-effective?
I don't think you have a clue here, and you are completely doubling down on your lack of clues.
Ok fine, I'd like to buy a
Ok fine, I'd like to buy a small bag to put these six apples into. Please and thank you.
I wasn't there so I can't one hundred percent guarantee you this was racial. What I can say is I can't guarantee my three year old nephew won't eat an apple in the orchard or toss one or two into a carriage or fall in love with an apple because of some trait I can't see. At no point does the defense of this farm make me feel any less perplexed or quite frankly scared to ever go near it.
Maybe I'm crazy but I sure do miss my little apple orchard where security was an 80 year old granny trying to convince you to buy an extra bottle of cider on the way out.
THIS
This, exactly.
We go to Carlson Orchards for pretty much this experience.
Now that our kids are adults, we still go to Carlson Orchards and enjoy some hard cider at the cider bar while nomming down our apple crisps with some locally-produced cheese and planning our apple variety attacks. Meanwhile, the families with littlies are boarding the hay ride tractor for a lift out to the pumpkin patch - fenced against deer, not humans.
They build the cost of drops and "overstacking" into the experience, and treat people with cheerful indulgence. We typically leave with an assortment of varietal ciders - hard and regular - and other local products.
Apple picking is about fun, relaxation, seasonal celebration, enjoying the outdoors with family. It isn't about picking produce for cash under constant observation - been there, done that.
Exactly,I'm being charged
Trump Country
Nuff said.
Not Nuff
Danvers 58.2% Biden 40% Trump
98.2% old male weirdo
It got the hose again.
A white woman in the comments said the same thing happened to he
I think they have over zealous security and it's not profiling.
6 apples?
The last time we went apple picking you could fill a sack and no one counted....an apple costs how much? Jeeez
Why not both?
It's possible to be an asshole manager and a racist asshole manager simultaneously.
I'm also baffled by the per-apple pricing. It's always by the sack or by weight.
Because a racist would give the white woman a pass?
Just my opinion but it sounds like a mall cop on a power trip, not a racial profiler picking on black apple pickers.
why do we cape so hard for racism?
it doesn’t have to be *either* racism or a simple misunderstanding. it’s not like you get the death penalty for having prejudices.
Probably because
the racism is extra horrible--the cherry on the shit sundae. It also draws the racism apologists (hereafter just referred to as "racists") out of the woodwork, so they can explain to us that actually racism isn't all that bad, and also that this example isn't racism because of this other non-sequitur they read about somewhere.
Racists are not well known for being of good character
So it is entirely plausible that a white racist would be a racist asshole to a non-white person and also be an asshole to a white person.
Polite racism
The thing is, racism doesn't happen only or mostly from "racists."
It mostly occurs from perfectly polite people who don't think they're racist, but who engage in racist actions. There are plenty of studies that have demonstrated this.
Entirely Possible
As many of the comments below yours relate, this owner/manager has demonstrated both kinds of assholery.
Even if race was not a factor
Even if race was not a factor that is still not an apple orchard I want to bring my kids to. My kid taking a bite of an apple may get us tossed in the apple orchard version of Gitmo.
If we're to litigate this via Facebook comments...
...then how about this one? Kathleen says:
Jesus christ. Never going
Jesus christ. Never going back to this place.
The owner is a piece of work
I was there with my kids and a couple other families a few years ago. In the morning we waited in a fairly long line at the farm store to pay and get in. No big deal; the place was busy and everyone had to wait. Then at lunchtime, there was still the line for people to pay to get in, along with a protocol where they were holding up the line and having each party wait several minutes because they were at capacity. This also appeared to be the only line to buy stuff from the store as well. The sign said the wait was 90 minutes to get in. I was buying my kids some food from the store, since the only food stands open were meat-only and we don't eat meat. (Website said they have pizza and a bunch of other things on site, but they were all closed. Place seems horribly run in general.) I said "excuse me" and asked the clerk if there was any way to just pay for store items for people who were already in.
The owner was nearby and shoved his way over, going off about how I had to wait in line with everyone else, muttered something about why we think we're special. I explained that we were already in, showed our bracelets, and said I just wanted to buy lunch for my kids and there was no sense waiting in the line of people trying to get in (and while the clerks weren't busy, since they were standing around waiting to be told they could let another party in). He told me to go to the food stands. I told him we don't eat meat, but had chosen fruit and bread and things from his store and that was fine, but I wanted to know if there was a way to not stand in the 90-minute entrance line. He was a total ass, said no, we can wait in the line with everyone else, "you don't get a special line because you're buying your kids fruit and bread." The person next in line to get in pretty much insisted we cut in front of him and pay for our stuff, which we did, and the owner pretty much threw a tantrum about "special treatment" and "you people think the line doesn't apply to you."
If I ever behave like that
After amassing more than two million dollars in wealth, shoot me.
"special treatment"
Special treatment...like being treated like a valued customer who wants to spend more money at the place of business she's already spent money at. So awful you had to pay to endure that experience.
Most here know this, but the "special treatment" line is a relic from the civil rights times through the marriage equality times where fragile-ass white/hetero people felt threatened and therefore honestly believed that extending equal rights to marginalized groups was providing them with special treatment unavailable to them.
It's one of those phrases that when you hear it out in the wild it's like verbal archeology; you know what type of media this guy was consuming in the late 90s/early 2000s.
So, eeka
Did he do that to you because you're Black?
Well, not me
Unsure. The group I was with was 4 Black adults, 2 white adults including myself, 8 Black kids. I was the one who was speaking, but we were all right there together and clearly with one another. It was unclear whether the "you people" type language referred to anyone's race, family constellation, his perception of a white adult with children with obvious disabilities and the usual "group home" assumptions, or what.
If it seemed to you like I was making a "he's not racist, he's an asshole to everyone"-type comment, that wasn't my intention at all, and I apologize. My intention is that I absolutely believe these people received racist treatment (and I would believe it regardless, because I believe Black folks' experiences of racism) but also to add that the place is horribly run and the asshole owner has no problem taking his poor planning and unhappy staffers out on customers along with a healthy dose of "you people"ing, so I have no doubt at all that this guy had no qualms about calling security on Black folks and accusing them of stealing when they were clearly paying.
Oh Eeka
You know the rules.
According to the Uhub White Male Society, nothing is ever racist or sexist unless one of the white males who wasn't there can "objectively" "prove" that it was racist.
Looks like we have a full line of asses on display here.
It's ironic that the
It's ironic that the Cambridge woman was demanding to speak to the owner, and instead spoke to the cop.
If the Cambridge woman did have her demand met, and spoke face to face with the owner, then you can imagine hell breaking loose. Both sides obstinate and escalating quickly.
“obstinate”…
…we all know you wanted to call Ms Bowman “uppity”.
Karen
It seemed to me he was trying not to call her a Karen. Throwing her class privilege around at working stiffs, demanding to see the manager. Karen moves.
Resisting harassment is not a “Karen move”
That you place the onus of civility on the people being harrased and humiliated is telling. Furthermore, you don’t know what the term Karen means.
There are two generally accepted definitions of “Karen”. One is the entitled customer who is never satisfied, asking to see the manager and demanding all sorts of accommodatiions because her latte may have been made with 1% milk instead of nonfat (not the case here). Second is the nosy white woman who is constantly policing black peoples’ whereabouts like in apartment complex swimming pools our parking lots by demanding that the Black people prove that they belong to that community. Or perhaps calling the cops on a Black family for having a cookout at a public park. (Neither are the case for Ms Bowman and Mr Myers, but perhaps could it be applied to the orchard staff)
When people are being falsely accused of stealing, submitted to the indignity of a bag search, and racially profiled, they are under no obligation to stay polite.
What behavior would you prescribe for people harrassed and profiled?
Privilege
You're soaking in yours today.
No, the definition of that is
No, the definition of that is "self-important; arrogant". In this case the flaw was her propensity to react in a stressful situation when she needed to remain calm and work towards a solution to get her kids out of there.
If you want to post racial slurs, that's totally up to you (and the moderator).
How exactly...
How exactly do you know that that's how she reacted?
Show your work.
Last time I went apple
Last time I went apple picking at a different place than this an asshole in a golf cart was accusing an elderly woman and her granddaughter of stealing because the woman was carrying a few apples in her hand rather than a bag. He was really giving it to this poor woman who was jusr trying to enjoy her day. The girl who rang is in told us we didn't need a bag, we could just grab what we can carry and bring it back to her which I'm sure she must have told this woman too. Obviously they don't even know they're own rules. The whole thing made is extremely uncomfortable and we left shortly after. Really ruined the fun.
"anguish that lasted well into the evening"
It will last longer. This shows the economic costs of these types of aggressions. That family isn't going to enjoy any of the $100 of apples they got from Connors Farm. They are probably never going to go back. They might not want to go apple picking ever again because it'll be hard to go without being reminded of it (we go apple picking for kids, and that kid is not going to have a good memory of it). A bunch of people who read about it are not going to go to Connors Farm now. Perhaps some people, after reading this and discovering they have an extra apple or two in their sack, will be discouraged from trying to go back to pay for it--it'll easier to just pocket the apple quietly than getting TSA'd by an apple farmer.
They are on the shitlist
Nobody wants to be harassed by the apple police over the proper level of apples in their sack.
Apple picking is entertainment. If the farmer can't deal with that aspect of the business, he should stick to selling cider apples wholesale. This place is definitely not cut out for dealing with the public.
Am I missing something?
Other than the family's perception and the general Zeitgeist, is there anything to indicate this was racial profiling?
Is the couple not credible enough?
Why do you feel that Reverend Bowman and Mr Myers are not credible? Is there anything to indicate that they are not credible?
I don't doubt they thought it was racial.
That doesn't mean it was racial.
So the racism is all in their head?
Again, what is it about this couple that you don’t find credible?
Please, take a breath.
The very first thing I said was "Other than the family's perception...". In no way does this question the family's credibility. It acknowledges that's how they felt.
The question is, have we really entered a reality where a perception, a feeling, or an accusation is instantly considered a fact? Maybe you have, but I still hold out a faint hope that objectivity and fairness matter.
“I’m just asking questions”
I dunno. They have a combined experience of ~70ish years of inhabiting Black bodies and they were actually there, so, yeah, I feel that they are both credible and have a good handle on what racial bias looks like. You still haven’t given a reason to doubt their accounts of the story, yet you’re casting aspersions on their credibility by “just asking questions”.
Okay, dude.
If you still want to pretend [that this] is about questioning their credibility, have at it. I'm not going to further indulge or engage with your bad-faith argument.
[typo fixed]
If they're credible...
...then believe them.
That's what racism is
People of color get to label their experience. They're the ones who experience racism and report on what they experience. We as white people don't get to say they're wrong.
(And don't pull that strawman shit about that one Black guy that one time who was calling everything racist left and right. Nearly all people of color endure a shitload of racism and usually only speak up about the most horrendous examples of it. Just trust Black folks. This "oh but I'm going to give a white stranger the benefit of the doubt" stuff is racist behavior.)
Credibility isn't the issue
What facts did the couple present that indicate racism? They didn't say anything customers of other races not following the rules but getting a pass from staff.
$100 for some apples?
Imagine paying $100 to pick your own apples at several times the market price, and then getting searched over a measly six.
Maybe, and just maybe, the farmer's customers feel justified taking a few extra apples here and there because the prices are already F'ing ridiculous?
Reread their post
It wasn't $100 for a bag of apples: They paid $100 for, basically, a daylong experience that also included drinks and food.
And they didn't intentionally try to take six extra apples. They found six extra apples in their stroller and were on their way to pay for them.
For the first time ever
"Let's pick this apart" carries a literal air. Some of you intrepid folks already posted the $4 of apples point, so I'll just copypasta everything else that I said yesterday:
Imagine believing that anyone would drive to Danvers to rob you of apples instead of robbing their local supermarket. Imagine being a cop and spending more than 30 seconds entertaining what everyone had to say instead of just telling the parties to go to civil court and leaving the scene.
Poor family. Good thing it's only September 9 and they have many chances to make pleasant autumn memories.
https://storage.googleapis.com/.../12/FY21-Values-List.pdf
30 Valley Road is the address of the farm. Owner is listed as Robert D. Connors Trustee. Farm property itself is valued at $319,481. The name Robert D. Connors shows up on six properties in Danvers, with an aggregate value of $1,939,016. Imagine owning almost two million dollars in real property, then calling the cops over $4 of apples. I would not myself have done that.
I'm all for Libertarianism, and for private property rights...but a key part of Libertarianism is recognizing that people respond to their incentives. The incentive of an educated, affluent family to travel from Cambridge to Danvers to steal apples is precisely (expletive) zero, and I can't and don't endeavor to reason (also a Libertarian ideal) with anyone who would believe otherwise.
What a (expletive) (expletive). I hope his heirs aren't bigoted (expletives).
Howaboutism
As in "How about them apples?"
You know... the six your kids simply forgot to place in the bag, because one of them is only seven years old and not really concerned about it.
Read the Globe comments
One of the comments is a solid example of sexual violation. Surely that is too strong a word for just putting his hand on a customer's back and inviting her to visit him in his house, without her kid?
No, that is a sexual violation. To invite her to visit him is flirting. Putting his hand on her body is violation.
If he sees women as objects to touch and fondle as he desires, then it's a short leap to seeing him perceive criminality on the basis of skin color.
Add the exaggeration of thefts of a $1,000 a day in apples.
If each of these events were a rotten apple then I suggest the barrel could use a good cleaning.